Refractive Index

A fiber-optic cable is composed of two concentric layers, called the core and the cladding, as illustrated in Figure.

The core and cladding have different refractive indices, with the core having a refractive index of n1, and the cladding having a refractive index of n2. 

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The refractive index of the core, n1, is always greater than the index of the cladding, n2. Light is guided through the core, and the fiber acts as an optical waveguide.

The index of refraction is a way of measuring the speed of light in a material. Light travels fastest in a vacuum. The actual speed of light in a vacuum is 300,000 kilometers per second, or 186,000 miles per second.

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